Tecnologia wireless : uma ameaça séria à saúde humana - os factos científicos
Retirado de: Physicians for Safe Technology
Acerca da Physicians for Safe Technology: Physicians for Safe Technology (Médicos para uma Tecnologia Segura) "Somos um grupo de médicos e profissionais de saúde cuja missão é fornecer liderança confiável na promoção de ambientes saudáveis e seguros através de um uso mais seguro da tecnologia em casa, nas escolas, no local de trabalho, nos serviços de saúde e nas comunidades. O nosso objetivo é prevenir doenças agudas e crónicas, incentivando a compreensão da conexão entre o uso da tecnologia moderna e os seus efeitos na saúde pública, psicossocial e ambiental."
1.1 - Como é que a radiação não-ionizante pode ser prejudicial ?
Desmontando o principal argumento dos céticos
Os físicos acreditam que a energia da radiação RF não-ionizante não é suficientemente elevada para causar danos biológicos, mas agora é possível explicar esses danos através da permitividade dielétrica, pares de radicais e oxidação.
Há muito que se acredita que a radiação de radiofrequência (RF) não-ionizante não pode ser prejudicial para os organismos vivos uma vez que é incapaz de quebrar ligações químicas e não tem energia suficiente para ionizar (remover eletrões) de um átomo ou molécula.
Pensava-se que a radiação de radiofrequência apenas podia danificar tecido vivo através de um mecanismo de aquecimento ou queima. Estamos agora a aprender que a radiação eletromagnética de radiofrequência de microondas dos dispositivos sem fios atua como um estressor ambiental com efeitos tóxicos oxidativos diretos em processos celulares que não estão relacionados com o calor ou a ionização. O efeito da radiofrequência EMR é indireto, induzindo mudanças bioquímicas nas estruturas celulares e suas membranas. (49, 50, 78)
Muitos físicos defendem veementemente que não pode haver um efeito biologicamente tóxico da radiação eletromagnética não-ionizante, no entanto, a toxicidade tem sido demonstrada em muitas investigações e é semelhante aos efeitos de outras exposições químicas.
As suas próprias publicações agora explicam os efeitos da permitividade dielétrica e dos mecanismos de pares de radicais.
Acumulam-se os estudos científicos que sugerem que a radiação não ionizante pode causar danos às estruturas celulares, por exemplo :
- Prevendo os efeitos intracelulares da radiação de radiofrequência. (2019) Nielson C et al. PLOS One. 14 de março de 2019. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0213286
- Perspectiva internacional sobre os efeitos na saúde da radiação não ionizante de baixa intensidade. Efeitos térmicos e não térmicos da radiação não ionizante de baixa intensidade na saúde: uma perspectiva internacional. (2018) BELPOMME D et al. Environ Pollut. 2018 jul 6; 242 (pt A): 643-658. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30025338
- Compreendendo o mecanismo físico do efeito da radiação de microondas de baixo nível. (2018) hinrikus H. Int J Radiat Biol. 2018 Oct; 94 (10): 877-882. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775391
1.2 IARC lista a radiação de radiofrequência como um possível carcinógeno
Em maio de 2011, a OMS/Agência Internacional de pesquisa sobre cancro (IARC) listou a radiação eletromagnética de radiofrequência como um carcinógeno classe 2B. Uma equipa de 31 cientistas de 14 países tomou a decisão após rever dados científicos sobre a radiação de microondas não-ionizante e a sua associação com tumores cerebrais. (30)
2 - A tecnologia 5G https://mdsafetech.org/problems/5g/
A nova tecnologia 5G (quinta geração) usa frequências mais elevadas (10 - 300 GHZ) que a tecnologia atual (4G) e ainda está em fase de planeamento (com exceção de projetos-piloto e alguns novos telemóveis). Esta tecnologia vai exigir a instalação de milhares de pequenas antenas distanciadas entre si cerca de 150 metros.
Efeitos biológicos
Apesar da radiação dos dispositivos 5G só penetrar as camadas exteriores da pele, elementos na pele podem atuar como mini antenas irradiando as frequências RF mais profundamente no corpo afetando o sistema nervoso, endócrino e imunológico com amplos efeitos adversos. Além disso, a tecnologia 5G tem uma lacuna de dados perturbadora com relação à pesquisa sobre segurança humana ou ambiental, que é mesmo admitida pela indústria. Nenhum estudo feito, nenhum dano visto.
O Dr Martin Pall reuniu um compêndio com informação científica sobre o 5G que pode ser acedido neste link: 5G: Great risk for EU, U.S. and International Health! Compelling Evidence for Eight Distinct Types of Great Harm Caused by Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposures and the Mechanism that Causes Them
Outros links úteis para obter informação sobre o 5G:
BioInitiative Report
EMF-Portal: Research Data List
Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association
Electromagnetic Radiation Safety (SaferEMR)
Environmental Health Trust
Referências do artigo completo da Physicians for Safe Technology https://mdsafetech.org/pst-summary-wireless-technology-and-public-health/
1) CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/overview/
2) CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0501-preventable-deaths.html
3) National Center for Chronic Disease prevention and Health promotion. CDC. 2015. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/pdf/2015/nccdphp-aag.pdf
4) Environmental Determinants of Chronic Disease and Medical Approaches: Recognition, Avoidance, Supportive Therapy, and Detoxification . Sears,M. Journal of Environmental And public Health. Volume 2012 (2012). https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2012/356798/
5) Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk. What we can do now. 2008-2009 President’s Cancer Panel. https://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/Advisory/pcp/annualReports/pcp08-09rpt/PCP_Report_08-09_508.pdf
6) Diverse Toxic Chemicals Disrupt Cell Function through a Common Path. Liza Gross. PLoS Biol 5(2): e4. Feb 6, 2007. https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050041
7) Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment. Paul B Tchounwou. EXS. 2012; 101: 133–164.. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144270/
8) Screen time is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance in children. Nightingale CM. BMJ. Archives of Disease in Childhood Published Online First: 13 March 2017. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312016https://adc.bmj.com/content/early/2017/02/06/archdischild-2016-312016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288985
9) Why Social Media is not smart for middle school kids. March 26, 2017.https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mental-wealth/201703/why-social-media-is-not-smart-middle-school-kids
10) Reset Your Child’s Brain: A 4 Week Plan to End Meltdowns, Raise Grades, and Boost Social Skills by Reversing the Effects of Electronic Screen time. Victoria Dunckley, MD.
11) BioInitiative Working Group, Cindy Sage and David O. Carpenter, Editors. BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Radiation at www.bioinitiative.org, December 31, 2012 at www.bioinitiative.org
12) The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age. Catherine Steiner-Adair. 2014.
13) American Academy of Pediatrics Announces New Recommendations for Children’s media Use. 10/21/16. https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/american-academy-of-pediatrics-announces-new-recommendations-for-childrens-media-use.aspx
14) Biological effects from exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell tower base stations and other antenna arrays. Page 374- Biological Effects at Low intensity) B. Blake Levitt, Henry Lai. Environmental Reviews, 2010, 18(NA): 369-395. https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/A10-018#.WYUlOHeZNo4
15) American Academy of Pediatrics Letter to FCC regarding “Reassessment of Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Limits and Policies” . August 29, 2013. https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/7520941318.pdf
16) Microwave Effects on DNA and Proteins. Chapter 4. Modified Health Effects of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation Combined with Other Agents Reported in the Biomedical Literature. 2017. Ronald N. Kostoff and Clifford G.Y. Lau. https://stip.gatech.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/371048_1_En_4_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf and https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319502885?wt_mc=PPC.BING.3.EPR632.BINGShopping_Product_US&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Shopping%20%7C%20US&utm_term=1101200786988&utm_content=All%20eBooks
17) Reliable disease biomarkers characterizing and identifying electrohypersensitivity and multiple chemical sensitivity as two etiopathogenic aspects of a unique pathological disorder. Belpomme, D. Rev Environ Health. 2015;30(4):251-71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613326
18) The implications of non-linear biological oscillations on human electrophysiology for electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Sage C. Rev Environ Health. 2015;30(4):293-303. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26368042
19) Electromagnetic field induced biological effects in humans. Kaszuba-Zwoińska J. Przegl Lek. 2015;72(11):636-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27012122
20) The Precautionary Principle Website. https://www.precautionaryprinciple.eu
21) Evaluating FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic fields. FCC OET Bulletin No.65 (August 1997) https://www.fcc.gov/general/oet-bulletins-line
22) Mobile and Portable Device – RF Exposure Procedures and Equipment Authorization Policies. https://apps.fcc.gov/eas/comments/GetPublishedDocument.html?id=38&tn=277585
23) NASA Report – Electromagnetic Field Interactions with the Human Body: Observed Effects and Theories. April 1981. Jeremy Raines, PhD.https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19810017132.pdf
24) Efforts By The Environmental Protection Agency To Protect The Public From Environmental Nonionizing Radiation Exposures. United States General Accounting Office. CED-78-79, 1978. https://www.gao.gov/products/CED-78-79
25) US EPA Office of Air and Radiation and Office of Research and Development: Summary of Results of the April 26-27,1993 Radiofrequency Radiation conference. March 1995. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/9100O6Z4.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1995%20Thru%201999&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C95THRU99%5CTXT%5C00000028%5C9100O6Z4.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=11
26) Cumulated index to the Bibliography of reported biological phenomena (“effects”) and clinical manifestations attributed to microwave and radio-frequency radiation: report, supplements (no. 1-9), BEMS newsletter (B-1 through B-464), 1971-1981. ) Glaser Z Indexed by Julie Moore. Riverside, CA: Julie Moore & Associates, 1984.
27) The effects of traffic radar guns on law enforcement officers : hearing before the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Consumer and Environmental Issues of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, August 10, 1992. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009937719
28) Radar Guns May Beam Danger to Officers : Law enforcement: Cancer in police personnel has prompted lawsuits, changes in training and cautionary note from FDA. https://articles.latimes.com/1992-01-13/local/me-229_1_traffic-radar-guns
29) Do extremely low frequency magnetic fields enhance the effects of environmental carcinogens? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Juutilainen J Kumlin T Naarala J. 2006 Ing J Radiat Biol 82: 1-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16546898
30) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans. May 2011. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf
31) The Telecommunications Act of 1996. https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/652
32) Wireless Devices and Health Concerns. https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/wireless-devices-and-health-concerns
33) THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM POWER LINES ON AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY: A REVIEW. Kim J. Fernie Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 8:127-140, 2005. https://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/documents/R2ES/LitCited/LPC_2012/Fernie_and_Reynolds_2005.pdf
34) Combined Toxic Exposures and Human Health: Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect. Sillons,I. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Mar; 8(3): 629–647 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083662/
35) Cellular neoplastic transformation induced by 916 MHz microwave radiation. Yang L1. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2012 Aug;32(6):1039-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22395787
36) Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans. Lerchl A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2015 Apr 17;459(4):585-90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25749340
37) Indication of co-carcinogenic potential of chronic UMTS-modulated radiofrequency exposure in an ethylnitrosourea mouse model. Tillmann T. Int J Radiat Biol. 2010 Jul;86(7):529-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20545575
38) Electromagnetic Fields, Pulsed Radiofrequency Radiation, and Epigenetics: How Wireless Technologies May Affect Childhood Development. Sage C. Child Dev. 2017 May 15https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28504324
39) National Toxicology Program Carcinogenesis Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Hsd: Sprague Dawley SD Rats (Whole Body Exposure) https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/055699.
40) Radiofrequency radiation injures trees around mobile phone base stations. Waldmann-Selsam C. Sci Total Environ. 2016 Dec 1;572:554-569 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552133.
41) Redox- and non-redox-metal-induced formation of free radicals and their role in human disease. Valko M. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343967
42) Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. Jomova K. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 Dec;345(1-2):91-104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20730621
43) Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro. De Luliis. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 31;4(7). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19649291
44) The Main Approaches of Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Artificial Electromagnetic Fields on Cell. Yuriy Shckorbatov. Journal of Electronics and Electronic Systems. March 7, 2014. https://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/the-main-approaches-of-studying-the-mechanisms-of-action-of-artificial-electromagnetic-fields-on-cell-2332-0796-3-123.php?aid=24328
45) Americans with Disability. https://www.access-board.gov/research/completed-research/indoor-environmental-quality/introduction
46) The potential dangers of electromagnetic fields and their effect on the environment. European Parliament. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17994
47) France: Law on Public Exposure to Electromagnetic Waves Adopted. Feb 5, 2015. https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/france-law-on-public-exposure-to-electromagnetic-waves-adopted/
48) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Health of Canadians.Report of the Standing Committee on Health. June 2015. https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/41-2/HESA/report-13 https://www.c4st.org/images/hesa-2015/412_HESA_Rpt13-e.pdf
49) 1996 Telecommunications Act. https://www.fcc.gov/general/telecommunications-act-1996
50) Section 704 of 1996 Telecommunications Act. FCC NEW NATIONAL WIRELESS TOWER SITING POLICIES. https://wireless.fcc.gov/fact1.pdf
51) Defense Intelligence Agency: Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation (Radiowaves and Microwaves) in Eurasian Communist Countries. October 10, 1975. Prepared by Army Medical Intelligence and the office of the Surgeon General. https://www.cqlpe.ca/pdf/BIOLOGICAL_EFFECTS_OF_ELECTROMAGNETIC_RADIATION.pdf
52) Increase of oxidation and inflammation in nervous and immune systems with aging and anxiety. Vida C. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(29):4656-78. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24588831
53) Circulating Advanced Oxidation Protein Products as Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Progression Mediators in Pathological Conditions Related to Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Cristani M. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(34):3862-3882. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27593960
54) Report on possible impacts of communication towers on wildlife including birds and bees. Ministry of Environment and Forests. 2011. https://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/341385/report-on-possible-impacts-of-communication-towers-on-wildlife-including-birds-and-bees/
55) Impacts of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) from cell phone towers and wireless devices on biosystem and ecosystem—A review. Sivani Saravanamuttu. January 9. 2013. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258521207_Impacts_of_radio-frequency_electromagnetic_field_RF-EMF_from_cell_phone_towers_and_wireless_devices_on_biosystem_and_ecosystem-A_review
56) THE EFFECTS OF MICROWAVES ON THE TREES AND OTHER PLANTS. https://www.hese-project.org/de/emf/WissenschaftForschung/Balmori_Dr._Alfonso/showDoc.php?lang=de&header=Dr.%20Balmori&file=THE%20EFFECTS%20OF%20MICROWAVES%20ON%20THE%20TREES%20AND%20OTHER%20PLANTS.html&back=../showAuthor.php?target=Balmori_Dr._Alfonso
57) THE EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE WILDLIFE. PRELIMINARY RESULTS. Alfonso Balmori Martínez. Feb 2003. https://www.whale.to/b/martinez.pdf
58) Weak Broadband Electromagnetic Fields are More Disruptive to Magnetic Compass Orientation in a Night-Migratory Songbird (Erithacus rubecula) than Strong Narrow-Band Fields. 2016. Front Behav Neuroscience. March 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=PMID%3A+27047356 “Our results indicated that the magnetic compass orientation of European robins could not be disrupted by any of the relatively strong narrow-band electromagnetic fields employed here, but that the weak broadband field very efficiently disrupted their orientation”
59) Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird. Engels, S. Nature. Jan 2014. https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v509/n7500/abs/nature13290.html
60) Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Communication Antennas Affects the Abundance and composition of Wild Pollinators. Lazaro,A. Journal of Insect Conservation react-text: 61 20(2):1-10 /react-text react-text: 64 · /react-text react-text: 65 April 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301647025_Electromagnetic_radiation_of_mobile_telecommunication_antennas_affects_the_abundance_and_composition_of_wild_pollinators
61) Effect of Electromagnetic (cell phone) radiations on Apis mellifera. Dalio, J. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science Volume 2 ~ Issue 12 (2015) pp:06-10. Feb. 2015. https://questjournals.org/jraas/papers/vol3-issue1/B310610.pdf
62) Effect of high-frequency radiations on survival of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Darney,K. Apidologie react-text: 55 47(5) /react-text react-text: 58 · /react-text react-text: 59 December 2015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287972544_Effect_of_high-frequency_radiations_on_survival_of_the_honeybee_Apis_mellifera_L
63) Is Electromagnetism one of the causes of the CCD? A work plan for testing this hypothesis. Marie-Claire Cammaerts. Journal of Behavior. 2 (1): 1006. March 28, 2017. https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Behavior/behavior-2-1006.php
64) Electromagnetic hypersensitivity – an increasing challenge to the medical profession. Hedendahl L. 2015 Rev Environ Health. 2015 Dec 1;30(4):209-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372109
65) Computer vision syndrome: A review. Gowrisankaran S. Work. 2015;52(2):303-14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26519133
66) Computer Use and Habitual Spinal Posture in Australian Adolescents. Leon M. Straker, Public Health Rep. 2007 Sep-Oct; 122(5): 634–643. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1936962/
67) Australia and Other Nations are Failing to Meet Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children: Implications and a Way Forward. Leon Straker. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. June 2, 2015. https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/10.1123/jpah.2015-0026 https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_377902/UQ377902_OA.pdf?Expires=1497816578&Signature=J34vLu2LAVwV1knS~lekLuBSllUVWPENjdRXk0xLjUi2cBwTWXXBOXqB2D6IrfYgtgKHR~AjJS34ivWWwXkhiXTtV8iNxlg5j0jq8Y-i3y8tt~CFOVGCtaIiv~5gWlEgvd5-jGtAqsY2VdRWBu8qbClBsngpN1sQaEg5sEKUsqpiIDxY1KJosbnHLluvji8cpo0nutfketDQEs2mVefbKfAGaPsKBYnbe74ftYedu6KjTyKBrzN8I2wX-esxjNxVjSA4By2uUKQFu5D0oqF3W-jUa7jViXq3HwuuWytTpHlhsAGT8tkgr9gr8S6Hx0opL3U7mfxqYgE70x3ED6e38A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQhttps://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/10.1123/jpah.2015-0026
68) Evidence-based guidelines for the wise use of computers by children: Physical development guidelines. Leon Straker. Ergonomics react-text: 15 53(4):458-77. 19 April 2010. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42390717_Evidence-based_guidelines_for_the_wise_use_of_computers_by_children_Physical_development_guidelines
69) Assessment of Stresses in the Cervical Spine Caused by Posture and Position of the Head. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL XXV. 277-279. Kenneth Hansraj, MD. 2014. https://www.phschiropractic.com/webres/File/iTrac%20Surgical%20Technology%20Doc.pdf
70) Circulating Advanced Oxidation Protein Products as Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Progression Mediators in Pathological Conditions Related to Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Cristani M, Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(34):3862-3882.. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27593960
71) [The advanced oxidation protein products as potential diagnostic and prognostic factor in diseases of the indicated participation of oxidative stress]. Piwowar A. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2014 May 8;68:446-58. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24864097
72) International Association of Firefighters: Division of Occupational Health, Safety and Medicine. Position on the Health Effects from Radio Frequency/Microwave (RF/MW) Radiation in Fire Department Facilities. 2011. https://www.iaff.org/hs/Facts/CellTowerFinal.asp
73) Electromagnetic fields and DNA damage. Jerry L. Phillips, Narendra Pal Singh. Henry Lai. Pathophysiology react-text: 15 16(2-3):79-88, 19 April 2009. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24180314_Electromagnetic_fields_and_DNA_damage
74) Pesticides and oxidative stress: a review. Mohammad Abdollahi. Med Sci Monit, 2004; 10(6): RA141-147. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shahin_Shadnia/publication/8532508_Pesticides_and_oxidative_stress_A_review/links/00b4953ad9c423406e000000.pdf
75) European Parliamentary Assembly. Resolution 1815. The potential dangers of electromagnetic fields and their effect on the environment. (2011). https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17994
76) EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/reveh.ahead-of-print/reveh-2016-0011/reveh-2016-0011.xml?format=INT
77) France: Law on Public Exposure to Electromagnetic Waves Adopted. Feb 5, 2015. https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/france-law-on-public-exposure-to-electromagnetic-waves-adopted/
78) Environmental Health Trust Database of Worldwide Policy on Wireless Technology. https://ehtrust.org/policy/international-policy-actions-on-wireless/
79) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Health of Canadians. Report of the Standing Committee on Health. June 2015. https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/41-2/HESA/report-13 https://www.c4st.org/images/hesa-2015/412_HESA_Rpt13-e.pdf
80) Impacts of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) from cell phone towers and wireless devices on biosystem and ecosystem—A review. Sivani Saravanamuttu react-text: 9 , January 2013. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258521207_Impacts_of_radio-frequency_electromagnetic_field_RF-EMF_from_cell_phone_towers_and_wireless_devices_on_biosystem_and_ecosystem-A_review
81) Mechanism of Microwave Radiation- Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. Pall, M. Journal of Cellular Molecular Medicine. Aug 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3780531
82) Scientific evidence contradicts findings and assumptions of Canadian Safety Panel 6: microwaves act through voltage-gated calcium channel activation to induce biological impacts at non-thermal levels, supporting a paradigm shift for microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic field action. Pall, M. Rev Environ Health. 2015;30(2):99-116. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879308
83) Electromagnetic fields instantaneously modulate nitric oxide signaling in challenged biological systems. Pilla, A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Sep 28;426(3):330-3. Epub 2012 Aug 24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22940137
84) Electromagnetic Fields: Principles,…Biophysical Effects. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FIELDS AND LIVING SYSTEMS DETERMINES HEALTH AND WELL-BEING. Dimitris J. Panagopoulos.. ©2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. https://www.stralingsarmvlaanderen.org/resources/Panagopoulos-Nova-2013-EMFs-chapter.pdf
85) THE BODY ELECTRIC: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life. Robert O. Becker, MD and Gary Selden. Marrow publishing 1985.
86) In SYNC: the ins and outs of circadian oscillations in calcium. Imaizumi T. Sci STKE. 2007 Jun 12;2007(390). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Imaizumi+circadian+oscillations+incalcium
87) Minireview: The circadian clockwork of the suprachiasmatic nuclei–analysis of a cellular oscillator that drives endocrine rhythms. Maywood ES . Endocrinology. 2007 Dec;148(12):5624-34. Maywood ES. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901233
88) 900-MHz microwave radiation promotes oxidation in rat brain. Kesari KK1, Kumar S, Behari J.Electromagn Biol Med. 2011 Dec;30(4):219-34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047460
88) Cell type specific redox status is responsible for diverse electromagnetic field effects. Simkó M. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14:1141–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17456027
89) Electromagnetic fields, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Consales C, Merla C, Marino C, et al. Int J Cell Biol. 2012;2012:683897. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijcb/2012/683897/
90) 900 MHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative stress on heart, lung, testis and liver tissues. Esmekaya MA, Ozer C, Seyhan N. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2011;30:84–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21460416
91) Effects of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on oxidative stress parameters in rat lymphoid organs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma. Aydin B, Akar A. Arch Med Res. 2011;42:261–7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21820603
92) 900 MHz radiofrequency-induced histopathologic changes and oxidative stress in rat endometrium: protection by vitamins E and C. Guney M, Ozguner F, Oral B, et al. Toxicol Ind Health. 2007;23:411–20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18536493
93) Calcium Channel Dysfunction Causes a Multisystem Disorder Including Arrhythmia and Autism. Cell. Vol.119, Issue 1, p19–31, 1 October 2004. Igor Splawsk, et.al. https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(04)008426?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867404008426%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
94) Understanding How Calcium Channels Open and Close. Northwestern Medicine.Feb 21, 2017. https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/2017/02/understanding-how-calcium-channels-open-and-close/
95) Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Epilepsy. Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition. Cain, S. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98147/
96) Molecular nature of voltage-gated calcium channels: structure and species comparison. Tyson, J. Advanced Review. Volume 2, September/October 2013 © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
97) Nonthermal effects of radiofrequency-field exposure on calcium dynamics in stem cell-derived neuronal cells: elucidation of calcium pathways. Rao VS, Titushkin IA, Moros EG, et al. Radiat Res. 2008;169:319–29. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18302487
98) Evaluation of the Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted From Wi-Fi Router and Mobile Phone Simulator on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Taheri M. Dose Response. 2017 Jan 23;15(1). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298474/
99) A Review of Recent Studies on Malondialdehyde as Toxic Molecule and Biological Marker of Oxidative Stress. Daniele Del Rio, Amanda Stewart, Nicoletta Pellegrini. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases (2005) 15, 316e328. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicoletta_Pellegrini/publication/7690471_Del_Rio_D_Stewart_AJ_Pellegrini_N_A_review_of_recent_studies_on_malondialdehyde_as_toxic_molecule_and_biological_marker_of_oxidative_stress_Nutr_Metab_Cardiovasc_Dis_15_316-328/links/554c86b00cf29752ee7ef15b.pdf
100) Toxic Metals and Oxidative Stress Part I: Mechanisms Involved in Me-tal induced Oxidative Damage. Nuran Ercal, Hande Gurer-Orhan and Nukhet Aykin-Burns. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 2001. 1, 529-539. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11468643_Toxic_Metals_and_Oxidative_Stress_Part_I_Mechanisms_Involved_in_Me-tal_induced_Oxidative_Damage
101) DNA electrophoretic migration patterns change after exposure of Jurkat cells to a single intense nanosecond electric pulse. Romeo S, Zeni L, Sarti M, et al. . PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e28419. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164287
102) Long-lasting plasma membrane permeabilization in mammalian cells by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF). .. Pakhomov AG. , Kolb JF, White JA, Joshi RP, Xiao S, Schoenbach KH. Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Dec;28(8):655-63. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17654532
103) How big are radio waves? NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/outreach/funfacts/txt_radio_spectrum.html
104) Electromagnetic Spectrum. https://www.pa.msu.edu/courses/2000fall/PHY232/lectures/emwaves/spectrum.html
105) Bees Can Sense the Electric Fields of Flowers. National Geographic. Dr Clarke and Dr. Whitney. U of Bristol. Feb 2013. https://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/21/bees-can-sense-the-electric-fields-of-flowers/
106) Biogenic Magnetite as a Basis for Magnetic Field Detection in Animals. Biosystems. 1981. Vol 13. 181-201. Kirschvink,J., Gould, J. https://web.gps.caltech.edu/~jkirschvink/pdfs/Biosystems1981.pdf
107) Is Electromagnetism one of the causes of the CCD? A work plan for testing this hypothesis. Marie-Claire Cammaerts. Journal of Behavior. 2 (1): 1006. March 28, 2017. https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Behavior/behavior-2-1006.php
108) EMF Scientists Appeal to the United Nations and the WHO for more protective EMF guidelines. https://www.emfscientist.org
109) Why children absorb more microwave radiation than adults: The consequences. Morgan, L., Kesari,S., Davis, D. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure. Volume 2, Issue 4 react-text: 71 , /react-text react-text: 72 December 2014 /react-text react-text: 73 , Pages 197-204https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213879X14000583
110) What are the biological effects of ionizing radiation? https://www.hko.gov.hk/education/dbcp/rad_health/eng/r4.htm
111) Shoe Store Fluoroscope. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVlEXd9w7vk
112) VINTAGE SHOE-FITTING X-RAY MACHINES WILL ZAP YOUR FEET. https://www.wired.com/2010/11/vintage-shoe-fitting-x-ray-machines-will-zap-your-feet/
113) THERMAL DOSE REQUIREMENT FOR TISSUE EFFECT: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL FINDINGS. Dewhirst et al. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2003 Jun 2; 4954: 37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4188373/
114) Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Thannickal VJ1, Fanburg BL. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Dec;279(6):L1005-28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11076791
115) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Valko M1, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M. Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Mar 10;160(1):1-40. Epub 2006 Jan 23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16430879
116) A Quantitative Method to Monitor Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Simona Mrakic-Sposta et al. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Volume 2014 (2014). https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2014/306179/
117) On reactive oxygen species measurement in living systems. LA Pavelescu. J Med Lifev.8(Spec Issue); 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564046/
118) Fluorescence probes used for detection of reactive oxygen species. Gomes et al. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 65 (2005) 45–80. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165022X05001454
119) Database of Worldwide Policies On Cell Phones, Wireless and Health. https://ehtrust.org/policy/international-policy-actions-on-wireless/
120) “Doubt is Their Product: How Industry’s Assault on Science Threatens Your Health”. David Michaels. 2008.
121) Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Mark SPearcePhD et al. Lancet. Volume 380, Issue 9840 react-text: 66 , /react-text react-text: 67 4–10 August 2012 /react-text react-text: 68 , Pages 499-50. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673612608150
122) Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. Martin Pall. J. Cell. Mol. Med. Vol 17, No 8, 2013 pp. 958-965. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242331926_Electromagnetic_fields_act_via_activation_of_voltage-gated_calcium_channels_to_produce_beneficial_or_adverse_effects
123) Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure, Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Programing of Health and Disease. Sujeenthar Tharmalingam et al. April 21, 2017. Radiation Research. https://www.rrjournal.org/doi/abs/10.1667/RR14587.1?code=rrs-site&journalCode=rare
124) Genome-wide methylation analysis of a large population sample shows neurological pathways involvement in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. Gregory Livshits et al. Pain. 2017 Jun; 158(6): 1053–1062. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427989/
125) Integrative DNA methylome analysis of pan-cancer biomarkers in cancer discordant monozygotic twin-pairs. Roos L et al. Clin Epigenetics. 2016 Jan 20;8:7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798410
126) Novel epigenetic changes unveiled by monozygotic twins discordant for smoking habits. Allione A et al. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 4;10(6)
127) Epigenetics and environmental chemicals. A Baccarelli* and V. Bollati. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009 Apr; 21(2): 243–251. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3035853/
128) Environmental toxicants–induced epigenetic alterations and their reversers. Kim M1, Bae M, Na H, Yang M. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2012;30(4):323-67. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167630
129) Ionizing radiation and children’s health: Conclusions. ( 2006) Acta Pediatrica.2006;95.Suppl 453:81-85. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/08035320600886547/abstract
130) Molecular and Cellular Responses to Ionizing Radiation. 2006.National Academies Press. https://www.nap.edu/read/11340/chapter/4
131) Effect of Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Estrogen Receptor Methylation Status in Colon Cells of Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Mokarram et al. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2017 Mar 1;7(1):79-86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28451581.
132) Electromagnetic Fields, Pulsed Radiofrequency Radiation, and Epigenetics: How Wireless Technologies May Affect Childhood Development. Cindy Sage and Ernesto Burgio. May 15, 2017.Child Development. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.12824/abstract
133) Epigenetic Changes Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Methylation of the E-cadherin Promoter. Seung-Oe Lim et al. Gastroenterology. December 2008Volume 135, Issue 6, Pages 2128–2140. https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01371-1/fulltext
134) Ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress, epigenetic changes and genomic instability: the pivotal role of mitochondria. Szumiel I. Int J Radiat Biol.2015 Jan;91(1):1-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24937368
135) DNA methylation: a form of epigenetic control of gene expression. Derek Kim and Eamonn Maher. The Obstetrician and Gynecologist. 2010. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1576/toag.12.1.037.27556/full
136) Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells. Lai H1, Singh NP. Bioelectromagnetics. 1995;16(3):207-10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7677797
137) Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Lai H1, Singh NP. Int J Radiat Biol. 1996 Apr;69(4):513-21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8627134
138) Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Lai H1, Singh NP. Bioelectromagnetics. 1997;18(6):446-54. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9261542
139) Electromagnetic fields and DNA damage. Phillips JL1, Singh NP, Lai H. Pathophysiology. 2009 Aug;16(2-3):79-88. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264461
140) The Comet Assay: a method to measure DNA damage in individual cells. Nature Protocols 1, 23 – 29 (2006) Peggy L Olive& Judit P Banáth. https://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v1/n1/full/nprot.2006.5.html?foxtrotcallback=true
141) A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Singh, N.P., McCoy, M.T., Tice, R.R. & Schneider, E.L. Exp. Cell Res. 175, 184–191 (1988). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014482788902650?via%3Dihub
142) Single strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells exposed to microwave radiation. Paulraj R1, Behari J. (2006) Mutat Res. 2006 Apr 11;596(1-2):76-80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16458332
143) Genetic damage in mobile phone users: Some preliminary findings. (2005) Gandhi, G. Ind J Hum Genet. 2005. 11(2): 99-104.
144) Genetic damage in subjects exposed to radiofrequency radiation. Verschaeve L. (2009) Mutat Res. 2009 Mar-Jun;681(2-3):259-70. Mutat Res. 2009 Mar-Jun;681(2-3):259-70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19073278
145) The Reflex Project. Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards from Low Energy Electromagnetic Field Exposure Using Sensitive in vitro Methods. https://www.verum-foundation.com/projects/reflex.html
146) How Susceptible are Genes to Mobile Phone Radiation? Effects of Wireless Communications Technologies. March 2009. Dr. Hecht, Dr. Kern, Dr. Richter, Dr. Scheiner. https://www.icems.eu/docs/howsusceptiblearegenes.pdf
147) Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue. (2015) Dasdag et al. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2015 Jul;91(7):555. 61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25775055
148) Long term and excessive use of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation alter microRNA expression in brain. (2015) Dasdag et al. International Journal of Radiation Biology. Volume 91, 2015. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/09553002.2015.997896?src=recsys
149) MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Cancer. (2010) Leigh-Ann MacFarlane and Paul R. Murphy. Curr Genomics. 2010 Nov; 11(7): 537–561. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3048316/
150) Essai sur E’lectricite des Corps. Paris: Guerin. ” Observations sur quelles nouveaux phénomènes s’electricite.” Jean Antoine Nollet. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences 1746: 1-23.
151) The Invisible Rainbow: A History of Electricity and Life. Arthur Firstenberg. (2017). AGB Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
152) California Department of Public Health. CDPH Issues Guidelines on How to Reduce Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy from Cell Phones. Dec 13, 2017. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR17-086